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Basic Linux Commands

pwd, ls, cd – Navigating the File System
mkdir, rmdir, rm, cp, mv – File & Directory Management
touch, cat, nano, vim – File Creation & Editing
find, locate, which, whereis – Finding Files
chmod, chown, ls -l – File Permissions & Ownership

User & Process Management

whoami, who, id, groups – User Information
ps, top, htop, kill, pkill – Process Management
adduser, deluser, passwd – User Management
su, sudo – Running Commands as Root

Networking & Internet

ping, wget, curl – Checking Network & Downloading Files
ifconfig, ip a, netstat, ss – Network Information
scp, rsync, ftp – File Transfer over Network

System Monitoring & Logs

uptime, df -h, du -sh – Checking Disk Usage
free -m, vmstat – Checking RAM & Swap Usage
journalctl, dmesg, tail -f /var/log/syslog – System Logs

Package Management

apt, yum, dnf, pacman – Installing & Managing Software
dpkg -i, rpm -ivh – Manually Installing Packages

Scripting & Automation

bash, sh, ./script.sh – Running Shell Scripts
crontab -e – Automating Tasks with Cron
alias, export, env – Customizing Shell Environment

Security & Permissions

chmod, chown, umask – File & Directory Permissions
ufw, iptables, firewalld – Managing Firewalls
ssh, scp, gpg – Secure Remote Access & Encryption

Advanced Commands

File System & Storage Management

lsblk, fdisk, parted – Managing Partitions
mount, umount, blkid, df -h – Mounting & Checking File Systems
tune2fs, fsck, xfs_repair – File System Maintenance
LVM (Logical Volume Manager) – Managing Logical Volumes

Process & Job Management

nice, renice, ionice – Controlling Process Priority
nohup, disown, screen, tmux – Running Processes in Background
strace, lsof, pmap – Debugging & Monitoring Processes

Networking & Server Administration

tcpdump, nmap, netstat, ss – Network Traffic Monitoring
ip, route, traceroute, dig – Network Configuration & Troubleshooting
iptables, firewalld, nftables – Advanced Firewall Rules
OpenVPN, WireGuard – Setting Up VPN
ssh-keygen, ssh-agent, ssh-copy-id – Secure SSH Login

System Performance & Monitoring

top, htop, iotop, atop – Process & Resource Monitoring
sar, vmstat, mpstat – CPU & Memory Usage Analysis
iotop, iostat, dstat – Disk Performance Monitoring

Kernel & System Tuning

sysctl, ulimit – Kernel & System Limits
modprobe, lsmod, rmmod – Kernel Module Management
grub2-mkconfig, update-grub – Bootloader Configuration

Scripting & Automation

sed, awk, cut, tr – Advanced Text Processing
cron, anacron, systemd timers – Task Scheduling
Bash scripting, expect scripting – Automating Tasks

Security & Hardening

fail2ban, auditd, AppArmor, SELinux – Security & Access Control
gpg, openssl, sha256sum, md5sum – Encryption & Hashing
chroot, sandbox, Firejail – Isolating Processes

Containerization & Virtualization

Docker, Podman, LXC – Running Containers
KVM, QEMU, VirtualBox – Virtual Machines
systemd-nspawn – Lightweight Containerization

Log Management & Troubleshooting

journalctl, dmesg, rsyslog – System Logs
logrotate, logwatch – Managing Log Files
grep, less, tail -f – Searching Logs

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